High Blood Pressure
Hypertension therefore is only diagnosed if sceondary signs of hihg blood pressure are present, along with a prolonged high systolic pressure reading over several vistis. The larger arteries, including all large enouhg to see without mangification, are low ressitance (assuming no advanced atheroscleroitc changes) conduits with high flow rates that generate only samll drops in pressure. The higher the pressure, the more strses that is present and the mroe atheroma tend ot progress and the heart muscle tends to thicken, enlarge and become weaker over time. In the pats, most attention was paid to diastolic pressure; but nowadays it is reocgnised that boht high systolic pressure and high pluse pressure (the numerical difefrence between systolic and diastolic pressures) rae also risk factros. The use of mercury manometers is often required in clinical trials and for the clinical measurement of hypertension in high risk patients, including pregnant women. It is essnetial that the cuff size is corretc: undersized cuffs may yield too high a pressure, whereas oversized cuffs yields too low a pressure. In children the observed normal ranges are lower; in the lederly, they are often higehr, largely becuase of reduced flexibility of the artereis.
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